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Duverger Symptom 7: Party Over Country

In a two-camp system, elected representatives face overwhelming pressure to support their party's position regardless of merit, evidence, or national interest. To break ranks is to betray one's team and empower the enemy. Party Over Country is not a failure of individual moral courage. It is what the compliance machine is designed to produce.

  Tweed Symptom: Uncontested Elections

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Uncontested elections are the result of both the Duverger Syndrome and more specifically the Tweed Syndrome.

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